| Title | Pre-schoolers, print and storybooks: an observational study using eye movement analysis
| | Authors | Laura M. Justice, Lori Skibbe, Andrea Canning
| | Journal | Journal of Research in Reading, Volume 28, Issue 3, 2005, pp 229-243
| | Year of publishing | 2005
| | Abstract | This study used eye-gaze analysis to determine the extent to which pre-school children visually attended to print when looking at two storybooks, to contrast visual attention to print for a print-salient versus a picture-salient storybook, and to study individual differences in pre-schoolers' visual preferences. Results indicated that pre-school children infrequently attended to print: in a traditional picture-salient storybook, 2.7% of their fixations focused on print and 2.5% of their time was spent looking in regions of print. The children fixated more frequently on print and spent more time looking in print regions when reading a print-salient storybook, within which 7% of fixations focused on print and 6% of time was spent in print zones.
Effect size estimates showed this difference to be consistent with a very large effect. Little variation in visual attention to print was observed across the ten children, and children's alphabet knowledge was not associated with the variance in children's visual attention to print. Educational implications are discussed.
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